![]() ![]() After bombs fell on Ford Island Naval Air Station, at the center of Pearl Harbor, Lt. Fuchida, the leader of the attack, reported the completion of the surprise attack by sending a radio message to the fleet: "Tora! Tora! Tora!" Translated from Japanese to English, the word means "Tiger," according to McWilliams. aircraft and preventing them from taking off. These fighters also attacked airfields and barracks with machine-gun and cannon fire, disabling almost all U.S. The first wave included 43 fighter planes sent to protect the bombers and torpedo-bombers. Positioned 230 miles (370 kilometers) north of Oahu, the Japanese carrier fleet launched 185 aircraft, according to " Sunday in Hell Pearl Harbor Minute by Minute," by Bill McWilliams (Open Road Media, 2014). The attack on Pearl Harbor began at around 7:55 a.m local time when the first wave of Japanese aircraft reached their targets. (Image credit: US Navy/Interim Archives/Getty Images) Thick smoke billows up from American warships (from left, USS West Virginia and USS Tennessee) along Battleship Row during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on Dec. "The Americans failed to understand that the Japanese had a viable method to deliver a serious blow against the Pacific Fleet in Hawaii." Japanese war machines What happened at Pearl Harbor? The reasons behind this are many, but the primary one was a lack of understanding of what the Imperial Japanese Navy was capable of," Stille said. "Of course, the American level of preparedness was woefully inadequate. These ships included the USS Oklahoma, Maryland, West Virginia, Tennessee, Arizona and Nevada, as well as the USS California lying nearby and the USS Pennsylvania in Drydock 1 across the harbor. Navy battleships moored along Battleship Row at the eastern end of Ford Island. The attack was planned in two waves of fighter and fighter-bomber aircraft, totaling 353 aircraft. They were escorted by an armada of 31 warships and support vessels. 26, 1941, under strict radio silence, the six aircraft carriers of the Japanese First Air Fleet - called Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, Shokaku and Zuikaku - departed home waters. Mitsuo Fuchida was chosen to command the air assault. Minoru Genda to formulate a plan of attack for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), while Capt. – 'Ghost Army' in WWII used inflatable tanks to fool the Nazis and win the war – VE Day: The end of World War II in Europe – Mayday! 17 mysterious shipwrecks you can see on Google Earth Apparently, he actually believed that the loss of several battleships would shock the Americans into making peace," Stille said. Without Isoroku’s vision and determination to pull off the attack, it would never have occurred. "There is only one reason why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor: because Yamamoto Isoroku thought it would be a good idea. Wood's book " Japanese Military Strategy in the Pacific War" (Rowman & Littlefield, 2007). When considering a possible war with the U.S., Yamamoto remarked: "If I am told to fight, regardless of the consequences, I shall run wild for the first six months or a year, but I have utterly no confidence for the second or third year," according to James B. He had also been posted to the Japanese Embassy in Washington, D.C., in the 1920s. Yamamoto was a naval aviator and had studied at Harvard University. The attack on Pearl Harbor was planned by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander in chief of the Combined Fleet. (Image credit: Roger Viollet via Getty Images) Japanese aviators can be seen some time before the bombing of Pearl Harbor, in December 1941. Their interest was in expanding to Southeast Asia and removing the Western powers," Robert Cribb, professor of Political and Social Change at Australian National University, told All About History in 2015. "For Japan, Pearl Harbor was really the sideshow – they were trying to get rid of the US fleet of ships and attempting to stop supplies to the British. "The Japanese chose to double down on aggression after being called to account for their expansionist policies." "In particular, Japanese low oil reserves meant that action had to be taken before the Imperial Navy was crippled through lack of fuel," Stille told Live Science. This caused huge damage to the Japanese economy. In 1940, Japanese forces occupied French Indochina (modern-day Vietnam), and the U.S., Britain and its allies responded by placing a trade embargo on Japan. relations with both nations, according to the U.S. Japan had been at war with China since 1937, which affected U.S. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Gawker was acquired by Univision who continued to run Gawker Media Group’s associated brands.The company was unable to raise the $140 million in damages awarded to Hogan and filed for bankruptcy. Gawker’s demise was set in motion when it decided to publicly share an incriminating video of former professional wrestler Hulk Hogan.In 2015 it boasted 23 million monthly visitors but was shut down the following year after a lawsuit. Gawker was an American celebrity and media gossip blog founded in 2002 by Elizabeth Spiers and Nick Denton.Several attempts were made in the ensuing years to re-launch the Gawker website, but each has failed for various reasons.Īs recently as April 2021, Bustle Media Group announced a Gawker relaunch with former Gawker writer Leah Finnegan instated as editor-in-chief. Like Thiel, Goldberg had also been the subject of criticism from Gawker over the years but saw the notoriety of the brand as a potential strength. ![]() In mid-2018, was purchased by Bustle and Elite Daily owner Bryan Goldberg. What’s more, any controversial story could destroy the lucrative relationship Univision enjoyed with its advertisers. Ultimately, the Gawker brand was damaged beyond repair because of its sensationalist style and flagrant violation of privacy.Īs a result, Univision saw the reinstatement of the Gawker blog as too risky an investment. Some staff were relocated to other ventures in the group, including Gizmodo, Lifehacker, and feminist site Jezebel. Gawker Media Group was acquired by Univision for $135 million in September 2016. Perhaps more interesting is that Hogan’s lawsuit was funded in secret by Peter Thiel – a tech billionaire with a long-held grudge against Gawker for accusing him of being homosexual.Īlthough Thiel played the biggest role in bringing the company to its knees, Gawker had a history of similar incidents with a CNN anchor, Fox News reporter, and New York media executive, among others.Īs a result, the assertion from Hogan’s lawyers that Gawker was an organization without a moral compass was an easy argument to make. The company did not have the money to meet this commitment, so it was forced to declare immediate bankruptcy. Hogan sued in a Florida court and as a result, Gawker was forced to pay out $140 million in damages. Gawker’s fateful decision to publish a video of Hulk Hogan having sex with his best friend’s wife without permission set the company on a path to bankruptcy. Let’s take a look at the rather interesting story of Gawker’s demise. Two months later, Gawker Media announced its flagship blog would cease operations. In June 2016, Gawker announced a bankruptcy filing related to a lawsuit instigated by retired professional wrestler Hulk Hogan. Gawker was an American celebrity and media gossip blog founded by Elizabeth Spiers and Nick Denton in 2002.ĭuring its peak in 2015, the website had over 23 million monthly visitors as one of the flagship products of parent company Gawker Media Group. Hogan lawsuit was founded in secret by billionaire Peter Thiel. Two months later, Gawker Media announced its flagship blog would cease operations. After publishing a video of Hulk Hogan having sex with his best friend’s wife without permission set the company on a path to bankruptcy. Digital Business Models Podcast by FourWeekMBA.Business Strategy Book Bundle By FourWeekMBA.An Entire MBA In Four Weeks By FourWeekMBA.100+ Business Models Book By FourWeekMBA. ![]() ![]() “If you like this article follow us on Google News, Facebook, Telegram, and Twitter. Currently, this is limited to some regions, and soon it will be available for users across the globe. Unlike iPhones and other Android 10 devices that require a jailbreak tweak or ADB commands to get rid of their home bar, Samsung lets you hide it without any workarounds. To make it more user-friendly and have large icon visibility. So we want to inform the users that this is not a bug or issue this is officially rolled out by Google for Gmail users. android style button buttonbarstyle'android:style/ButtonBar' xmllayout/ importandroid. Still, after the update, all these labels have vanished, and only icons are visible in a large size. Read more Google September 2022 Security Update Bulletin For Pixel Phone On the web, from all the regions, people are asking via social media platforms that they had observed a change in the interface of Gmail soon after their Gmail bottom bar had been shrunk, and it was not just like before it was observation is before on the bottom icon are with text notifying the users below icon like it is meet, on chat icon written a label chat and on other bottom bar option there is a label. Even though it can be achieved through a widget like Row Widget, ButtonBar provides a lot more behind the curtains. There are some changes that have been observed after the recent update to inform you about them, we have made this post. translation of button bar from English into Russian by PROMT, custom button bar, button bar form guide layout, operation button bar, transcription. ButtonBar widget is a super helpful widget to arrange Buttons in a Row. In this article, we will talk about the Android version of Gmail. ![]() You can use it on the web, on your smartphone, or tablet without any glitches or issues. Read more Google Camera Update Released For Android Devices It is widely used worldwide for mailing, messaging, using meet and many more things because of its easy interface. In this video you will learn How to create a custom actionbar or toolbar for our app.So we have created a xml file for toolbar and included two ImageView and. 4- Create 3 Buttons: delete/hide Borders and set the size to create the effect you want. 3- Change background color to whatever you like: HoloBlue. ![]() 2- Set the layout to LinearLayout>Horizontal. There are millions of users of Gmail, and they use the mailing service for fast official messaging frequently. Originally Answered: How can I create Android button bar One way I did when I was learning was: 1- Create a new xml layout only for this: buttonBarLayout. Steps for Creating Bottom Navigation Bar Step 1: Create a new Android Studio project To create a new project in Android Studio please refer to How to Create/Start a New Project in Android Studio. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() It’s just the age of something,” Hill said. It’s not like were not maintaining the pool systems annually and we got behind on some things. Upon clicking the checkbox, Firefox will ask to restart the browser. This article describes problems where Firefox cannot load websites but other Web browsers (such as Microsoft Edge or Internet Explorer) can. Check the box beside Always Use Private Browsing Mode. Firefox cant load websites but other browsers can. Todd Young (R), whose relationship with former President Trump has frayed after the Jan. With Custom Settings selected, look beneath the drop-down menu. “When it comes to the normal wear and tear of the pool systems, due to the age of our pool systems, there are things that are beyond just normal. Click the drop-down menu beside Firefox Will and select Use Custom Settings For History. We have to get those repaired on a daily basis,” SPAR Division Manager for Building Maintenance Ray Hill explained. They have to be able to take some of those items out like the cracks. Three of the parks, David Raines Park, Southern Hills Park, Airport Park and we have one at Querbes Park, that we’re doing right now. “We run into those issues where you have to do some type of repairs. SPAR says the age of the pools can also be a factor on the repairs it may need. The future of pools needs to be addressed,” SPAR Director Shelly Ragle said. To build a new pool the size of Bill Cockrell is about $880,000. All of our pools are in desperate need of replacement and major repairs. We brought in an aquatics engineer to look at all of our pools to make an assessment, and he really feels like it would just be a waste of dollars to put $380,000 into a pool. ![]() ![]() ![]() Simply unpack a mapsource update (see links above), run MAIN.msi and then rename mapsource.exe to something else. Parallel installation of several Mapsource versions: Please update to at least 6.16.1 - earlier Mapsource versions miss a lot of ways and streets and make the maps unusable. Note I still recommend to install Garmin Basecamp nevertheless: Get it here: Īttention Mapsource 6.13 6.14 and 6.15 Users: I recommend installing a second map (good idea is to install the map legend so you can get to know the layout!!!) because you need to have two maps installed before the map selector shows up. Note: The sequence to execute Main.msi and then Setup.exe is important to avoid “Previous MapSource not found!” error. From the extracted files, first run MAIN.msi.Unpack or extract the content of setup_MapSource.exe using 7zip ( WinRAR or another good unpacker.Download latest MapSource from Garmin ( ).So if you forgot step 1, do it now! Go to and download the map(s) of your choice and install at least one map! Attention, Mapsource will not install correctly until you have a at least one map installed.First install at least one openmtbmap (just run the.Essentially 1 map would be enough also.Īdvanced Way of Installation without already having Mapsource installed It is essential that you first install two maps AND Garmin Basecamp - else you have to do the advanced way of installation below Note Mapsource will only install if you have done 1. ![]() Download and install MapSource 6.16.3 from here: Download and Install at least two Openmtbmaps (from /download ) This is also a great tool for viewing maps, or planning routes and tracks. Hence for general use I recommend Garmin Basecamp instead.Ĭlassic Way of Installation without already having Mapsource installed (please install everything as administrator) Note that while Basecamp shows contourlines, Garmin Mapsource doesn't. I recommend to use the most uptodate version by Garmin (as of writing this is 6.16.3)Įarlier versions of Mapsource (also 6.13.6) are now incompatible with the openmtbmaps as they do not show all ways and streets!!!! Use at least 6.16.1 or higher. People who have bought a Garmin GPS will have a CD shipped with it including Mapsource. Therfore below I describe two ways how you can install Mapsource legally nevertheless. Garmin only provides updates, no actual installation packages. Garmin Mapsource is not develloped anymore, but version 6.16.3 runs still pretty well and has no big bugs. The most popular is still Garmin Mapsource - even though it is superseeded by Garmin Basecamp and also Qlandkarte GT is on the way to overtake it. There are several programs to display openmtbmaps on your PC/notebook. The search function is actually much better than the Basecamp search function - but for general use I don't think that makes it worth-wile to stick to Mapsource.įor Reference only - Install Mapsource without owning an old Garmin Device Also it will display you a list of all selected tiles - this can be useful for debugging (though normal users don't need this).Īnother reason would be that Garmin Mapsource has a search function that is identical to your GPS Device. Basically to all devices that only support a single gmapsupp.img file! The advantage is that with Mapsource you can select the region on fullscreen - instead of the small popup screen of Basecamp/MapInstaller. Well to send maps to older generation devices like Vista HCx or GPSMaps 60CSx or even older. (Deutsch) Allgemeiner – Support auf Deutsch (members only)Īttention - I do not recommend to use Mapsource anymore except for sending maps to older generation devices!ī) It does not show OpenMTBMap or VeloMap contourlines! (it will send them though to your device)Ĭ) It has no proper database to store tracks or routes - yes undertanding the concept of the database in Basecamp is not easy - but once you got it, it is pretty well done!.Quick Introduction ID-Editor, Josm and Potlach2.Send maps with Basecamp (Mapinstall) or Mapsource.Install Garmin Basecamp (and maybe Mapsource).How to install the Openmtbmaps – Windows.Send Maps to GPS with Mkgmap (Cross-Platform).Screenshots from the very first openmtbmap in 2009.Garmin Transalpin Review and Interesting News.Premium DEM Relief Shading Maps for Garmin GPS devices.Premium Windows/Linux – Velomap Downloads.Premium Gmapsupp.img – directly for Garmin GPS units.Windows/Linux – OpenMtbMap Map Download. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() A population’s genetic diversity depends on a variety of factors including the species’ geographical distribution, reproductive system and ecological traits (Nybom 2004). Populations’ and species’ responses to local selection pressures and associated long-term survival is strongly influenced by their prevailing level of genetic diversity and its partitioning between and within populations (Li et al. The study of genetic changes in natural populations in response to environmental conditions, land use and their respective interactions has become a major research topic (Grant and Grant 2002 Sork 2018). frigida populations across the rangelands of Mongolia, in spite of the pervasive grazing in the region. The relatively low genetic structuring suggests that considerable gene flow exists among A. We found no relationship between geographic and genetic distances, and thus no isolation by distance in this widely distributed species. Analysis of Molecular Variance revealed 5% variance between populations along the climatic gradient, with 3% of the variance being partitioned among different grazing intensity levels. Genetic differentiation among populations was extremely low (global G ST = 0.034). Grazing had no effect on genetic diversity, however, a high number of grazing-specific indicator alleles was found at grazed sites. Estimates of genetic diversity at the population level were high (H O = 0.56, H E = 0.73) and tended to increase with higher precipitation and soil nutrient availability. frigida that had been sampled along a large climatic gradient in Mongolia, which were sub-structured according to three levels of grazing intensity. We first developed new species-specific Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) markers using whole genome sequencing. Local environmental conditions and grazing pressure can influence species performance and affect spatial patterns of genetic diversity in contrasting ways, and our study set out to evaluate such effects on the genetic diversity and structure of A. Artemisia frigida is one of the most widely distributed plant species in the temperate rangelands of Eurasia and North America, and it also dominates in many habitats of Mongolia due to its tolerance to low temperatures, drought and disturbance. ![]() Drylands count among the most globally extensive biomes, and while many desert and dry rangeland ecosystems are under threat, genetic structures of dryland species are still rarely studied. ![]() ![]() ![]() It's the latest example of a.) a big gaming brand born and popularised on the app stores that b.) is being treated as an equal partner by a big traditional media company.Įqual? Disney could have decided to make its own endless-runner game for Oz, taking Temple Run's basic gameplay and adding its own twists – much as Activision did for its reboot of Pitfall in 2012. It's just that mobile operators may not be the best people to be providing it: their own walled gardens and focus on brands over quality were what made mobile gaming a niche up until 2008. ![]() It's not that Apple and Google's app stores are immune from criticism. That's why I had to stifle a chuckle at the point during Mozilla's Firefox OS press conference at Mobile World Congress when a succession of operators took the stage to complain that Apple and Google's "walled gardens" were bad for consumers. Less than 5% of mobile users paid to download games, and that 5% churned a lot: people had one bad experience then didn't try again for a year or two. While players were the short-term losers – paying £5 for a dreadful film tie-in – in the longer term it hurt the industry. Publishers often made money because they knew the operators would stick their branded games at the top of their portals. ![]() Often, the budget left over for making fun gameplay was often slender, to say the least. The publishers of these games paid wild sums for their licensing deals, and then had to suck up expensive costs of porting the games to hundreds of handsets, as demanded by the operators. Rewind a few years to the time before mobile applications were rebranded as apps: an era when mobile operators were the main store-owners for mobile games, and when rubbish movie tie-ins were heavily promoted on their portals. But it's also a useful illustration of the changing nature of licensing deals between the film and mobile games worlds. I've been playing it this morning, and it's fun, albeit with in-app purchase options running up to £69.99, which may be an unwelcome surprise for parents whose children are playing. Other settings and characters from the film plus a hot-air balloon section are included in the game, which costs $0.69 on the App Store and Google Play. If you're just looking for a fun time killer, grab Temple Run 2 instead.The new game takes the Temple Run formula to the Land of Oz, as players run, jump and slide along the Yellow Brick Road. But it's impossible to not feel cynical about Disney charging for an Oz-themed re-skin of a free download. Anyone that's interested should feel free to buy in and enjoy running along the yellow brick road. It's still the same fun, responsive and addictive endless running that has garnered more than 100 million fans. So, let me bottom-line it for you: there's nothing at all wrong with Temple Run: Oz from a gameplay perspective. The 2X coin power-up becomes a 3X coin boost at the cost of 1 gem, for example. Gems can also be used to "supercharge" power-ups. Players can pay up with premium gems to continue runs. ![]() Oz also features deeply integrated In-App Purchases, even though it's a $0.99 paid download. Occasional tilt-controlled hot air balloon sequences are the only major change to the formula. Tilting your device moves Oz within his narrow lane, while swiping left and right performs sharper turns. Players swipe up to jump and swipe down to slide to avoid obstacles along the path. Play All the core Temple Run mechanics are unchanged. ![]() ![]() ![]() Interoperability with enterprise software and networking. Tools to manage password policies are a must-have and should include the ability to manage complexity rules and change requirements. Some offerings include capabilities to automatically provision and de-provision user access to applications based on their group membership. Business password manager: 4 features to look forĪ password manager isn't just a boon for individual users it can boost the security of enterprises as well, and there are a number of business-focused features that you should look for if you're aiming to roll one out for your company:Īdministrative capabilities for managing multiple users and applications. Most people have difficulty remembering more than one strong password, so they often end up either reusing a password across sites-meaning that a hacker who discovers the password can go on a break-in spree-or using weak passwords that are easy to defeat by brute force.Ī password manager will autogenerate random new strong passwords for all of a user’s accounts, and users can access their various account credentials using either a single strong password, multifactor authentication or a passwordless security model. While it may seem counterintuitive at first to entrust security to a single password manager app accessed by a single password, using a password manager is in fact a very good idea. And while these tools got their start in the consumer world, most offerings now have editions aimed at businesses with enterprise features. Most password managers allow users to sign in on multiple devices (including Macs, Windows machines, and iPhone or Android smartphones) and work with multiple browsers (including Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Microsoft Edgfe) to automatically fill in username and password info, storing encrypted password information and facilitating secure synchronization between devices. Users can sign into a password manager with a single strong password or by using biometrics, and access all their login information. A password manager is a program that stores passwords and logins for various sites and apps, and generates new strong passwords when a user needs to change an old one or create a new account. ![]() ![]() McDonald's and KFC unveiled new chicken sandwiches last month in an attempt to keep up. Then, in 2019 Popeyes launched a new chicken sandwich that almost immediately sold out, sparking a sharp response from Chick-fil-A. Chick-fil-A tripled its sales between 20 becoming the nation's third largest restaurant chain behind McDonald's and Starbucks. Shake the basket at the halfway point.Americans are eating more chicken than ever before, so it comes as no surprise that fast food chains now compete over chicken rather than burgers. All all seasonings and air fry at 400F for 12 minutes. Cover and place in the fridge for 1 hourĭrain pickle juice mixture and pat chicken breast dry. Mix together pickle juice, milk and add chicken breast. You’ll need:ġlb Chicken Breast – cubed (If you don’t want to cut up the chicken breast yourself walmart sells pre-cubed chicken breast!)ġ/4 Cup 2% Milk (I haven’t tried this with almond milk yet but it should work!)ġ/2 Teaspoon Garlic Powder Instructions for Grilled Chicken Nuggets What I can tell you is these are a hit in my household, so easy to make and my 10 year old niece requests I make them for her at least once a week. These are close but are still missing something and I refuse to call them a chick fil a grilled nugget copy cat recipe when it’s not close enough. I want to preface by saying these are not a 1-1 of chick fil a’s grilled nuggets. Mix them together and enjoy! One of my favorite way’s to enjoy these is with homemade air fryer nuggets or as a salad dressing! How I make grilled nuggets: No heating, No Simmering, No waiting around for it to develop flavors overnight. ![]() Take all the ingredients above and mix them together. There’s literally only one step to this extremely easy recipe. How To Make Chick Fil A Sauce – Macros Friendly Our homemade chick fil a sauce is only 60 calories, 7.5g carbs, 3.5g fat and 0 grams of protein – clearly the healthier choice (and you can have two servings for less calories than one packet) Ingredients you’ll need to make our Homemade Healthy Chick-fil-a sauce You know we can do better for far fewer calories. Homemade Chick Fil A Sauce Macros / CaloriesĬhick fil a sauce right from the store packs 6 g carbs, 13 g fat, and 0 g protein. Any of these are a great option for anyone looking for the lowest calorie option. While Chick-fil-A sauce is a favorite among many fast food restaurants you can choose from, it is important to be mindful of your intake of this and other high-calorie, high-fat sauces.Ī few other low calorie things to order at chick fil a are: the grilled chicken sandwich, grilled chicken nuggets, grilled market salad, small fruit cup or the grilled chicken cool wrap. General nutrition advice recommends that you choose menu options that are lower in calories, fat, and sodium, and higher in protein and fiber. This information can help you make better choices when it comes to your daily diet. When it comes to nutritional information, Chick-fil-A provides full nutrition facts for all of their menu options on their website. It’s clearly the better choice and it’s so quick to throw together! If you are looking for healthier options our Chick fil a sauce is a fraction of the calories for 100% of the taste. While it may be tempting to dip your waffle fries or fried chicken sandwiches in this delicious sauce, it is important to make better choices when it comes to your daily diet. It also contains 13 grams of fat and 170 mg of sodium. One serving of Chick-fil-A sauce is 140 calories, which is 7% of the daily value for a 2000 calorie diet. ![]() Unfortunately if you’ve ever checked chick fil a sauce macros you might fall down. While it is delicious, it is important to note that it is high in calories, fat, and sodium. It is a creamy sauce that is made with soybean oil, mustard seed, lemon juice concentrate, apple cider vinegar, and a variety of spices. Chick-fil-A sauce is a popular dipping sauce that can be found at this popular fast-food restaurant. ![]() ![]() This doesn’t, however, mean that the original part two is a retread: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, which trailed the original film by 12 years, offers a wild, gruesome and at times downright zany satire of ‘80s excesses (and sometimes itself). The branching timelines of Texas Chainsaw are much more gnarled-even though, unlike Halloween, they include a sequel with the same director as the original. This has resulted in a pile-up of movies that can lay claim to being Halloween III: The first, unrelated-to-Michael Myers version, subtitled Season of the Witch H20, which follows Halloween II and Halloween Kills, which is a sequel to the 2018 film, which makes it the third entry in that continuity.īut those movies have continuity, at least to some degree. This, too, is not unheard-of: 20 years before Halloween ‘18, Halloween H20 tried the same trick, only to have David Gordon Green’s film reset even harder, ignoring not only H20 and its follow-up Halloween Resurrection, but Halloween II, the moderately well-regarded 1981 follow-up that was kept as canon for H20. This means that Texas Chainsaw ’22 isn’t clearing the decks of tangled continuity it is, in fact the third movie to proceed, separately, as a direct sequel to the original, and the original only. The Texas Chain Saw Massacre-the 1974 original about a group of counterculture types getting picked off at a remote farmhouse full of cannibals-was such a singularly grimy vision from director Tobe Hooper, from such a different era of filmmaking, that turning it into a serialized saga was never really on the table. This is a particularly apt strategy for the Texas Chainsaw series, because it’s barely a series at all. Hence, a Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2022 designed as akin to Halloween 2018: A sequel to the original horror classic, not any of those other lousy/confusing/divisive/obscure sequels/prequels/remakes that have appeared over the past however-many years. As straight-up remakes have fallen out of favor and brand names are more coveted than ever, plenty of movie series have opted for legacy sequels that wipe away years or decades of dodgy continuity and/or artistic missteps, and bring it back to the beginning-not by remaking a beloved classic, but by sequelizing it directly. Though the math is strange, the position is not unusual. The new Texas Chainsaw Massacre, debuting this weekend on Netflix, is the ninth entry in the Texas Chainsaw series, but it wants you to think of it as the second. ![]() |